Social changes and peasant livelihood during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty: Taking Shao Ying, a native of Shandong, as an example of immigrating to Northeast China

Zhitong  Yang

doi:10.54691/a8xscg16

Authors

Zhitong Yang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54691/a8xscg16

Keywords:

Qing Dynasty, the Qianlong period, population migration, regional economy.

Abstract

In the early Qing Dynasty, Manchu rulers sought to prevent a large number of Han people from leaving customs and infringing on the interests of the Manchus, due to its influence on the customs and order of the Manchu people in the "the place of prosperity", Northeast China was sealed off and Han people in the region were prohibited from migrating to the northeast. However, the strict ban did not completely stop the Han immigration activities. A series of economic policies implemented during the period from Kangxi to Qianlong made Shandong's population increase substantially, and it was difficult for the limited land to support the rapidly growing population. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, a series of natural disastehasave occurred in Shandong, and poverty and famine forced a large number of Han people to enter the east to make a living. Based on the experience of Shao Ying, a poor man in Jimo, Shandong province, during the Qianlong period, this paper tries to explore this grand immigration history and the economic and social background at that time.

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