Pollution Status and Research Progress of Azole Fungicides in Environment

Abstract

Because of its broad spectrum, low toxicity and high efficiency, azole fungicides are widely used in various types of agricultural production, personal care products, medicines and material surface protection, which inevitably makes them enter various environmental media through surface runoff, rainfall, atmospheric volatilization and farmland irrigation, posing potential threats to the surrounding environment and human health. In rural areas, fungicides sprayed on crops are usually difficult to play a full role, most of which tend to enter the surface by wet sedimentation and other ways, and then directly into the environment through surface runoff. It is well known that China has been a big agricultural producer since ancient times, and the annual application amount of pesticides is as high as 500,000-600,000 tons, ranking first in the world. As an important part of pesticide products, the annual sales of fungicides account for about 25% of the total sales of pesticides, which makes a large number of fungicides into the environment, causing pollution to the surrounding environment. In urban areas, the population density is large, and the large use of all kinds of personal care products makes a considerable part of fungicides enter the municipal pipe network with domestic sewage. At the same time, the fungicides used to protect the urban vegetation landscape will also flow into the municipal pipe network with rainfall and eventually enter the sewage treatment plant. At present, most of the sewage treatment process design, whether domestic or foreign, considers the removal of conventional organic matter, and the removal rate of trace organic matter such as fungicides is often very low, which makes the residual fungicides in sewage eventually return to the environment.