A Life-Cycle AHP-CVM-VIKOR Framework for Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Super Bowl Host Cities

Jiaxian Li; Xiang Li; Hanning Sun; Chenwei Guo

doi:10.54691/0bny7j07

Authors

Jiaxian Li SHANGHAI QINGPU WORLD FOREIGN LANGUAGE HIGH SCHOOL, Shanghai 201700, China
Xiang Li SHANGHAI QINGPU WORLD FOREIGN LANGUAGE HIGH SCHOOL, Shanghai 201700, China
Hanning Sun SHANGHAI QINGPU WORLD FOREIGN LANGUAGE HIGH SCHOOL, Shanghai 201700, China
Chenwei Guo SHANGHAI QINGPU WORLD FOREIGN LANGUAGE HIGH SCHOOL, Shanghai 201700, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54691/0bny7j07

Keywords:

Sport mega-events, environmental sustainability, host-city selection, AHP-CVM, VIKOR, Comprehensive Environmental Impact Index.

Abstract

Large sport events generate short-duration yet high-intensity environmental pressure, through venue operation, spectator mobility, demand for accommodation, water consumption and solid-waste generation. However, current sustainability assessments are often decoupled from host-city selection, reducing their practical decision value. The study develops an integrated life-cycle AHP-CVM-VIKOR framework for sustainability-oriented Super Bowl host-city selection. First, a life-cycle indicator system is developed to characterize the event-related energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, water demand, solid waste, transportation, accommodation and city profile conditions. Then, an AHP-CVM coupling procedure is used to integrate expert-based criterion importance and preference-based environmental valuation, and the resulting weights are embedded in the VIKOR compromise-ranking model to calculate a Comprehensive Environmental Impact Index (CEII). The framework is applied to past Super Bowl host cities and three 2029 candidate cities, Chicago, Denver and Philadelphia. The results indicate that food-related waste, waste-diversion performance, on-site fuel consumption, wastewater generation, and stadium electricity consumption are important contributors to the CEII. Of the 2029 candidates, Chicago has the lowest CEII, with Denver and Philadelphia next. The model is extended to Olympic-scale events and tested by sensitivity analysis to show its transferability to multi-venue sport mega-events. The framework proposed is a transparent decision support tool to compare candidate cities and to identify priorities for environmental mitigation.

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