Research on the Prevention System of Telecommunication Network Fraud in Application-oriented Undergraduate Colleges -- Taking Some Colleges and Universities in Fujian Province as an Example

: With the development of Internet technology, new methods of telecommunication network fraud continue to emerge. Through the questionnaire survey and data analysis of telecommunication network fraud among students in some application-oriented undergraduate colleges in Fujian, this study discusses the problems existing in the security preventing of telecommunications network fraud in application-oriented undergraduate colleges, and proposes effective ways to strengthen and improve it. It has certain reference significance for students in application-oriented undergraduate colleges to avoid telecommunication network fraud and jointly build a safe and harmonious campus environment.


Introduction
With the continuous advancement of the reform of colleges and universities, the connection between colleges and society has become more and more close. This has led to some unstable factors in the society entering the daily life of college students, and some lawbreakers in the society have targeted college students and carried out fraudulent activities. Although our country's public security agencies and university security departments attach great importance to campus fraud and illegal activities, and the strength of security prevention and investigation has gradually increased, but college students' awareness of prevention and self-protection is relatively weak, fraudsters are often able to successfully commit fraud. Establishing an effective college campus fraud prevention and control system, effectively protecting the interests of students, and building a safe campus have certain practical significance for improving the modern social environment.

The Concept of College Telecommunications Fraud
College telecommunications fraud refers to the criminal act of using electronic devices, computer networks and other technical means to spread false information to victims, taking the opportunity to defraud victims of money.

Characteristics of College Telecommunications Fraud
First of all, the means of committing crimes are diverse and highly confusing. Secondly, be familiar with the psychology of college students, and the target of the crime is clear. Third, it is difficult to detect fraud cases and recover losses.

Study Design
This research focuses on the questionnaires about telecommunication network fraud in some application-oriented undergraduate colleges in Fujian Province, and the special investigation on campus security management and preventive countermeasures for college students who are deceived.

Survey Sampling
In view of the situation that students in application-oriented undergraduate colleges in Fujian Province were defrauded, a questionnaire survey was carried out on college students in some colleges and universities. Questionnaires were distributed on site. The number of students who participated in the survey was 3,825, and 3,646 questionnaires were actually recovered, with a recovery rate of 95.32%. Among them, the number of valid questionnaires was 3,477, with an effective rate of 95.36%. The survey is scientific and reasonable. Its operation conforms to the standard, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire results are good. This questionnaire survey includes the following six aspects: students' understanding of fraud, their encounter with fraud, the type of fraud they have been exposed to, the reason for being deceived, the countermeasures and psychology after being deceived, and anti-fraud safety education.

Descriptive Statistical Analysis
In this survey, because the fourth-year students practice off-campus, the proportion of participating in the survey is slightly lower, but the proportion of freshman, sophomore, and third-year students is normal, so it does not affect the validity of the survey.   Figure 1 and Table 1 show that the genders of the students participating in the questionnaire survey are: a total of 1807 boys, accounting for 51.97%, and a total of 1670 girls, accounting for 48.03%. Grade distribution of students Figure 2. Distribution of grades of students participating in the questionnaire survey It can be seen from Figure 2 and Table 2    As can be seen from Figure 3 and Table 3, there are 1,723 students who have not been defrauded, accounting for 49.55%, and 1,116 students, accounting for 32.10%, who have seen fraud incidents through the news. There are 421 people, accounting for 12.11%. The number of people who have experienced fraud incidents is 217 people, accounting for 6.24%. The fraud cases experienced by personal experience and people around them together accounted for 18.35%. This shows that the probability of campus fraud incidents is relatively high, and everyone should pay enough attention and be vigilant. Figure 4 and Table 4 show that after being defrauded, 1,728 people's belongings could not be recovered, and there was no further information after reporting the case, accounting for 49.70%. There were 383 students who were able to recover part of the money, accounting for 11.02%. The number of people who recovered all their losses was 74, accounting for 2.13%, and 1,292 people had never thought of recovering them, accounting for 37.16%. This shows that once they are defrauded, the success rate of recovering their losses is very small, especially in overseas scams. Relying on the police to recover losses is difficult and the cycle is long.     As can be seen from Figure 5 and Table 5, online shopping fraud and part-time fraud are the main types of fraud, accounting for 629 and 588, accounting for 18.09% and 16.91%, followed by bank card fraud, sales promotion, and physical fraud, respectively. It was 475 people and 393 people, accounting for 13.66% and 11.30%. The total number of winning scams, recruitment scams and scholarships and grants scams were 354 people, 297 people and 278 people, accounting for 10.18%, 8.54% and 8.00% respectively. Social scams and intimidation fraud is the least, 182 people and 86 people, accounting for 5.23% and 2.47%. College students should be vigilant when they are part-time and online shopping, and pay attention to identifying false information and links from unknown sources. Figure 6 and Table 6 show that telephone and WeChat have become the main channels for fraud, with 648 and 594 people, accounting for 18.64% and 17.08% respectively; followed by online chat software and SMS, the proportion of fraud is not small, 569 and 490 respectively, accounting for 16.36% and 14.09%; 445 people were defrauded through Internet websites, accounting for 12.80%; 193 people were defrauded by email, accounting for 5.55%; no There are 420 people who have experienced fraud, accounting for 12.08%; face-to-face and Weibo fraud account for the smallest, 56 and 62 people, accounting for 1.61% and 1.78% respectively. These data show that most students have experienced fraud. To prevent fraud, the telecommunications sector and network regulators have an inescapable responsibility.      Figure 7 and Table 7 show that there are 691 people who often receive fraudulent information, accounting for 19.87%, 2541 people who occasionally receive false and fraudulent information, accounting for 73.08%, and 245 people who have never received fraudulent information, accounting for 7.05%, which shows that the coverage rate of false and fraudulent information on college campuses is relatively high, and relevant departments should pay enough attention. Figure 8 and Table 8 show that the most fraudulent information was received through short messages on mobile phones, with 1203 people, accounting for 34.60%; followed by telephone calls with 1079 people, accounting for 31.03%; and then receiving fraudulent information through the Internet, with 946 people, accounting for 27.21%; receiving false and fraudulent information by mail accounted for the least, with 249 people, accounting for about 7.16%.    We can see from Figure 9 and Table 9 that 1,883 people knew about some scams, accounting for 54.16%; 1,157 people studied and paid close attention to some scams, accounting for 33.28%; 437 people did not understand scams at all, accounting for 12.57% %, in this regard, relevant school departments should further strengthen anti-fraud publicity and education.  From Figure 10 and Table 10, it can be seen that 1,181 people mainly learned about fraud methods through TV and online channels, accounting for 33.97%; followed by news, 1,026 people, accounting for 29.51%; the third is through. There are 728 people, accounting for 20.94%, of the school's publicity to understand the method of fraud. Finally, 542 people, accounting for 15.59%, learned about the method of fraud through the experience of their friends.    Figure 11 and Table 11 detail the words associated with the scam. Through the questionnaire survey, it was found that 827 people thought that winning the lottery was a scam, accounting for the largest proportion, reaching 23.78%; followed by transfer/remittance, 673 people thought it was a scam, accounting for 19.36%; 581 people thought that free things were scams 16.71%; 543 people think that many recharges are fraudulent, accounting for 15.62%; 269 people think that the public security bureau calls are a liar, accounting for 7.74%; 185 people think that the package of unknown origin is the work of a liar, accounting for 5.32 %; 168 people think that the promotional products are either fake or not really on sale, accounting for 4.83%; 133 people think that video chat is a scam and easy to leak privacy, accounting for 3.83%; 98 people think that the caller "guess me who", is a liar, accounting for 2.82%.  As can be seen from Figure 12 and Table 12, 1,248 people said they chose to report to the police after being defrauded, accounting for 35.89%; 997 people chose to tell the college counselor, accounting for 28.67%; 390 people said they wanted to expose this kind of behavior to their relatives and friends, accounting for 11.22%; 523 people will call the surrounding for help, accounting for 15.04%; 319 people consider themselves unlucky and spend money to buy a lesson, accounting for 9.17%.  Figure 13. Reasons for being deceived As can be seen from Figure 13 and Table 13, 976 people think that the reason for being deceived is that they have weak ability to identify fraud, poor awareness of prevention, and low vigilance, accounting for 28.07%; 574 people think that they are tempted by material interests and have poor self-control , accounting for 16.51%; 485 people think that they lack understanding of relevant information and do not know deception, accounting for 13.95%, 420 people think that criminals are highly skilled and confusing, accounting for 12.08%, and 435 people think that relevant departments (such as Schools or police stations) lack of anti-fraud publicity, accounting for 12.51%; 587 people think that the public security departments are not cracking enough, accounting for 16.88%.    Figure 14 and Table 14 show that 489 people are sure to be able to identify fraud information, accounting for 14.06%; 396 people are very sure to be able to identify fraud information, accounting for 11.39%; 887 people can generally identify fraud information, accounting for 25.51%; 1343 people were afraid to identify fraud information, accounting for 38.63%; 362 people did not know how to identify fraud information, accounting for 10.41%.   From Figure 15 and Table 15, we can see that 1,296 people think that schools or public security organs usually have safety publicity and education specifically for preventing fraud, accounting for 37.27%; 805 people think that schools or public security organs often have special security measures to prevent fraud safety publicity and education, accounting for 23.15%; 1,019 people think that schools or public security organs sometimes carry out safety publicity and education specifically to prevent fraud, accounting for 29.31%; 294 people think that occasionally schools or public security organs sometimes carry out special measures to prevent fraud safety publicity and education, but very few, accounting for 8.46%, 63 people have never had relevant education, accounting for 1.81%.

Research Results
(1)Understanding and identification of telecommunication network fraud Most students learn about scams mainly through television and online channels. The second is the school's publicity and understanding, and the third is to understand the fraud methods through the news media. Most students believe that winning the lottery is a scam, followed by transfer and remittance, and some students believe that some recharges are scams. Some students believe that the calls from the public security, prosecutor's office and court are a scam. Some students think that there are many fake products on sale, which may be deceptive. There are also some students who think that video chat is a scam and it is easy to leak privacy. Some students can accurately identify fraudulent information, and some students can not accurately identify fraudulent information.
(2)Experience of being defrauded The types of fraud encountered are mainly online shopping fraud and part-time fraud, including a small number of scholarship fraud and recruitment fraud. A small number of students have also encountered lottery fraud, sales promotion, and physical fraud. Phone calls and text messages have become the main avenues through which scams are carried out. A large proportion of frauds are committed through online chat software and WeChat, and a small number of people are defrauded by email. The number of people who occasionally received false and fraudulent information was not less than 2/3. It shows that the coverage rate of false and fraudulent information in college campuses is relatively high. The fraudulent information received through short messages on mobile phones is the most, and the fraudulent information received through the Internet also accounts for a large proportion. The vast majority of students understand some fraud and deception, and there are a few students who do not understand fraud and deception. The anti-fraud publicity and education need to be further strengthened.
(3)The result of being defrauded Once defrauded, the success rate of recovering losses is very small, especially overseas fraud, relying on the police to recover losses is difficult and the cycle is long. After a few students were defrauded, they did not report to the police or tell others, they would remain silent and consider themselves unlucky.
(4)Reasons why students think they have been defrauded Some students believe that the school's publicity and education efforts are not enough, and the public security organs' crackdown on telecommunication and network fraud is not strong enough. Some students believe that schools or public security organs usually have special safety publicity and education to prevent fraud, and most students think that this type of publicity and education is not enough. Many students think that their ability to identify fraudulent behavior is weak, their awareness of prevention is poor, and their vigilance is low. There are also some who think that they are tempted by material interests and have poor self-control. There are also some students who think that they lack understanding of relevant information and do not know how to deceive. Some students think that criminals are highly skilled and confusing. A small number of students believe that relevant departments (such as schools or police stations) have insufficient anti-fraud publicity and public security departments have not cracked down enough.

Reason Analysis
Through the statistical analysis of the questionnaire survey, the students of the application-oriented undergraduate colleges were defrauded mainly due to the following reasons (1)The thinking is simple, and some students have a fluke mentality. First of all, when students enter the university, they are in a transitional period of life, and college students cannot adapt to the society well. Although they are eager to socialize, they lack the ability to think deeply, the ability to discriminate what is happening in society is not strong, the consideration of problems tends to be simplistic, the complexity of society is not recognized, and the awareness of safety precautions is lacking.
Secondly, in online telecommunication fraud, college students' fluke mentality mainly believes that "luck will not be bad" and "you will not encounter unfortunate things". There are also some students who think that they are adults, have certain social experience, and will not be easily deceived. However, when fraud incidents occur, they lack the ability to analyze things in detail and to think about things. They often overestimate their abilities and end up being deceived.
(2)Insufficient awareness of personal information protection First of all, college students use the Internet more frequently, which also increases the possibility of personal information leakage. The state has no special requirements for personal information protection. Some even openly buy and sell personal information, which creates plenty of opportunities for criminals to commit fraudulent activities.
Secondly, the living environment of most students is relatively simple. There are few off-campus activities. The prevention of strangers is insufficient. It is easy to be induced by a stranger to fill out personal information forms, including personally identifiable information and phone numbers, etc.
(3)Diversification of daily needs College students are a group leading the trend of the times. With the advent of the Internet age, the needs of college students in all aspects are increasing day by day. Online shopping, online payment, online social networking, online travel and online games, these diverse needs increase the opportunities for college students to contact the society, and also provide criminals with opportunities to commit fraud.
(4)Greed for small and cheap, eager for quick success. At present, the proportion of college students in one-child families is relatively high. They pursue fashion and avant-garde, and their personal daily expenses are relatively large. Criminals often use part-time rebates to defraud college students by buying rebates and other fraudulent means. Some college students pursue fame and fortune, and most seek high-consumption commodities. Under the conditions that their own families cannot meet, they are engaged in part-time jobs published on the Internet, and are easily seized by criminals to commit fraud.
The criminals take a fancy to some college students with this kind of mentality. They provide parttime jobs such as swiping bills, etc. At first, they let college students swipe a few small orders and get cash back successfully, so as to gain the trust of college students, so that college students can see the hope of making money. In the end, they defrauded the students for a large amount of money due to insufficient number of brushing times or insufficient quota or other reasons.
(5)Can't stand the temptation On the one hand, in the complex network environment, college students have weak self-control and are easily tempted. Some students randomly click on phishing URLs, creating opportunities for criminals to commit fraud. In addition, some students have a strong sense of vanity and comparison. They have a small amount of money at their disposal, but their desires are far greater than their abilities. These students are easy to fall into the traps carefully designed by scammers. On the other hand, the culture of western countries and the bad idea of advocating freedom have had a negative impact on the world outlook, outlook on life and values, outlook on emotions and outlook on love of some college students. Some students' views on emotions and love are distorted, and they use the Internet to seek informal "hunting for beauty" or "hunting for wonder" to satisfy their inner needs.
(6)The psychology of affright and fear After college students encounter online fraud, the fraudsters take advantage of the students' general panic and fear to implement the next step. First, the fraudsters pretended to be the law enforcement department to get in touch with the students. By fabricating student crimes or taking advantage of existing illegal acts, they constantly oppressed the students' psychological defenses, and finally broke the students' psychological defenses, and then used various intimidation and threats to defraud students' money. Second, password is leaked. Criminals use "bank card password", "Alipay password", "WeChat password", "Huabei password" and other online payment platform passwords to leak, need to change passwords, need protection and other excuses to cause psychological panic among college students and make students fall into the Internet The swindle of fraud, and then pretend to be the evil forces in society to intimidate, make students fearful and fearful, and force students to spend money to eliminate disasters through online transfers or payments.
(7)Poor awareness of rights protection after being deceived Some students do not take being deceived seriously, and some students feel that it is very shameful to disclose that they have been deceived or report to the police. Due to such a negative and forbearing mentality, students are defrauded again and again, and at the same time, it also provides more opportunities for fraudsters to commit fraud. (8)The prevention and control system of telecommunications network fraud in colleges and universities is not perfect, and the publicity and education efforts are not enough Many students were defrauded, which happened in the campus network environment, indicating that the construction of college campus network failed to adapt to the management and development of colleges and universities in the new situation. Although there are usually publicity and education on online fraud for students, it is only superficial or formal. Some students do not understand or do not know the methods of online fraud at all, and the effect is not very satisfactory.
(9)Relevant government departments are not strong enough to supervise the network College students receive the most telecommunication frauds through mobile phone text messages and phone calls, followed by online fraud, which shows that there are loopholes in the work of telecommunication and network supervision departments and insufficient supervision, resulting in frequent occurrence of online telecommunication fraud.

Countermeasures for the construction of telecommunications network fraud prevention system in application-oriented undergraduate colleges
Preventing telecommunication network fraud has become a common problem faced by government departments, society and families, colleges and universities, and students. The establishment of a college telecommunications network fraud prevention and control system requires the full cooperation of all parties. Led by government departments, society and families assist education, colleges play the main role, and students play a decisive role, thus forming a systematic security prevention and control network. Only in this way can the property safety of college students be guaranteed and a harmonious and stable campus environment be established.

Government Level
On the one hand, in December 2016, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases such as Telecommunications and Internet Fraud.Inadequate situations still exist. Criminals regard e-commerce, banking, mobile payment, telecommunications networks and other platforms as one of the tools for committing crimes, and these online platforms have unknowingly become the assisting role for fraudsters to commit fraud. It is imperative that the law intervene in supervision as soon as possible. Once it is found that the network platform does not act on the telecommunication network fraud, it must be dealt with seriously and legal responsibility shall be pursued.
On the other hand, only government departments have the ability to curb telecom network fraud at its root. The telecommunication network supervision department should strengthen the construction of a telecommunication network fraud reporting platform, strengthen data monitoring, monitor online shopping, social networking, gaming and other platforms, and cooperate with the platform to manage the extraction, screening and interception of suspicious information, and establish a safe telecommunication network environment. The public safety department has the power and ability to monitor the network. For online platforms, it is necessary to strengthen the qualification review, strengthen the supervision and monitoring of important businesses and fields, timely perceive the criminal motives of criminals, and give early warning to colleges and universities.

Social Level
Schools and public security departments should cooperate with new media to expose various new telecommunication network fraud methods in a timely manner, report cases of campus telecommunications network fraud, and jointly conduct fraud prevention publicity. New media should actively cooperate with relevant departments to do a good job in legal education to prevent fraud, so that criminals can fully understand the legal consequences of implementing campus telecommunications network fraud, and let students know how to properly deal with telecommunications network fraud.
Secondly, the family is the first school for students to grow up, and parents should master some knowledge to prevent fraud. In daily life, it is necessary to teach children that any money-related transactions should be thoughtful and not impulsive. Guide children to establish correct values, consumption and employment. Parents should take the initiative to pay attention to the situation of their children at school, and timely intervene in possible telecommunication network fraud.

University Level
First, establish a stable and secure campus network facility and strengthen the physical security of the network.
Second, guide students to surf the Internet safely, enrich campus network information, and meet students' network information needs. The school transmits secure campus network information to students, exposes the latest online fraud information in a timely manner, strengthens management of part-time and other network information, unifies the employment system, and strengthens cooperation with employment units. Actively promote school-enterprise cooperation employment job fairs, so that students' part-time internship and employment needs are fully met.
Third, deepen the construction of anti-fraud teams in colleges and universities. Explore the establishment of an anti-fraud team in the "University + X" model, and expand anti-fraud propagandists from the police and security department managers of public security agencies to campus workers such as college teachers, counselors, student associations, and labor staff.
Fourth, improve the psychological quality of college students and improve their ability to prevent fraud. First of all, in response to online fraud cases, colleges and universities can expand publicity and education channels, fully analyze the psychology of online fraud, and let college students understand the real insider of online fraud. Colleges and universities can provide relevant educational courses or carry out salon activities to improve students' psychological knowledge of fraud prevention. Secondly, broaden the ways and methods of psychological knowledge education. Implement comprehensive and three-dimensional coverage of psychological education, and carry out full coverage of anti-fraud psychological education through the publicity and education of the "Internet +" network technology platform. Third, carry out virtual psychological exercises. Colleges and universities can establish virtual network fraud structures or telecommunications network fraud prevention associations, and conduct targeted virtual drills to improve the ability of college students to fight fraud.
Fifth, strengthen the psychological counseling and psychological monitoring of defrauded college students in colleges and universities. Strengthen the construction of the psychological counseling system for college students who are defrauded, set up a professional psychological counseling team, provide effective psychological counseling for the defrauded students, guide the defrauded students to get out of the psychological shadow as soon as possible, develop a positive and healthy personality, and dare to fight against illegal behavior .

Student Level
First, protect personal information. A very important reason for college students to be defrauded is the leakage of personal information. In May 2017, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued a document to suspend online lending institutions from granting loans to college students.The loan account information registered by college students is likely to be a trap designed by criminals. Raising awareness of information protection is a basic requirement. Do not register account information on mobile clients or websites without security authentication, and do not register for various loan accounts.
Second, raise awareness of fraud prevention. The lack of awareness of college students' awareness of telecommunication and network fraud prevention is the main reason for them to be defrauded.
When dealing with problems, college students should maintain a rational, calm and clear head, do not trust others casually, and do not be greedy for petty gains. When temptation comes, stay awake and calm. Third, college students should have a sense of self-protection. When suddenly receiving a phone call or information from an unknown source, when it is difficult to determine the authenticity or when it is difficult to make a decision, it is recommended to consult the school security department or public safety department, counselor, or parents. Once fraudulent is discovered, keep relevant evidence in a timely manner and report it to the public security agency as soon as possible.

Conclusion
The fundamentals of the prevention and control system for telecommunications network fraud in applied undergraduate colleges lie in: the construction of relevant laws and regulations by government departments, the supervision and monitoring of the network by telecommunications and public security departments, the attention of families to students in school, and the prevention of fraud crimes by social media The exposure of activities, the education of colleges and universities to prevent telecommunication and network fraud, the strengthening of cooperation between public security departments and colleges and universities, and the improvement of students' awareness of personal security prevention. Only by fully mobilizing the platforms and resources of all parties, establishing a strong college campus network telecommunication fraud prevention system, and jointly promoting the prevention and management of campus telecommunication network fraud in application-oriented undergraduate colleges, can the telecommunication network of application-oriented undergraduate colleges be fundamentally rectified The problem of frequent fraud cases can ensure the safety and stability of colleges and universities.