Research on the renewal of architectural landscape and public cognition in LianBaoLi Historical and cultural block in Wuhan

. As an important part of the city's cultural heritage, historical and cultural blocks have witnessed the city's historical changes, leaving many valuable natural and human resources. However, after many years of baptism, historical and cultural blocks, now the destruction of buildings and cultural relics, poor living environment, frequent population flow, these are obviously not in line with the modern city, the direction of urban development. In order to promote the revival of historical and cultural blocks, it is imperative to renovate the blocks, which is also an inevitable measure under the background of urban renewal. LianBaoLi Historic and cultural district, as the root of Wuhan City and the source of its history, is one of the outstanding historic buildings in Wuhan. Its renewal is conducive to the spread of Wuhan's historical and architectural culture, to drive high-quality development in Wuhan. In addition, the public is the main body of the renewal of the historical and cultural blocks, studying their awareness of the renewal of the historical and cultural blocks in LianBaoLi , to measure the effect of the implementation of the block renewal policy, to identify whether there is any deviation between the public cognition and the cognition of the public policy makers, and to provide some solutions for the sustainable development of the historical and cultural block in LianBaoLi ,to add to Wuhan's urban fabric.


Social background
After the reform and opening up, the economic system of our country has changed greatly, from the planned economy to the market economy, at this time the speed of urbanization has obviously accelerated. At present, the process of urbanization in our country has entered the middle and late stages, urban planning from incremental to stock planning development. And in the process, a series of problems emerged, for example, the initial development pattern of large-scale demolition and large-scale construction in various places has led to the over-development of some central urban areas, the deterioration of urban environmental quality, the destruction of historical and cultural blocks, the weakening of residents&#039; sense of identity and other problems will hinder the sustainable development of cities. This requires the urban development model and the governance form to change accordingly, to its renewal is the inevitable outcome of the urban progress to a certain stage, urban renewal policy has also become one of the important means for sustainable urban development and competitiveness improvement.

Concept definition 2.1 Historic district
In 1933, at the Fourth Conference of the International Association of Modern Architects (CIAM) in Athens, Athens Charter, the so-called second Athenian charter, was adopted and the concept of "Historic Quarter" was first proposed, it refers to"An area composed of historical buildings and historical and cultural sites," and states that"Buildings and blocks of historical value should be properly preserved and not destroyed." At first, there was no specific definition and expression of the concept of historical and cultural blocks, until the publication of the law on the protection of cultural relics, which proposed the establishment of a historic and cultural city, it further added the concept of historical and cultural reserve, hoping to raise the awareness of the community to protect cultural relics and architectural units, but still did not include historical and cultural blocks in the scope of protection.At this time the phenomenon of street damage has become serious, and then people's awareness of the protection of historical and cultural blocks began to gradually strengthen. Our country first put forward the concept of historical and cultural district in 1986, in the"State Council approved the transfer of the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Culture on the second batch of National Historical and cultural city list of the notice", it is the first time to clarify the definition and connotation of"Historical and cultural reserve". In 2002, the People's Republic of China's law on the protection of cultural relics introduced the legal concept of"Historical and Cultural District," a concept that completely replaced the previous protected area. And then in 2005, in the "Planning standards for the protection of historic and cultural cities," historic and cultural blocks are defined as "Historic Government of the People's Republic of China areas that shall be subject to major protection after being approved and published by provincial, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government." In the 2008 regulations on the protection of historic and cultural cities, towns and villages, it is stated that "Historic and cultural blocks refer to areas that have been approved and published by provincial, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government and are particularly rich in preserved cultural Government of the People's Republic of China, that have concentrated pieces of historic buildings, that can more completely and truthfully reflect traditional patterns and historical features, and that have a certain scale.".
The renewal of historical and cultural blocks is a part of urban renewal. The urban renewal policy is put forward and implemented to solve a series of problems caused by the rapid urbanization at home and abroad, this includes the destruction of historical and cultural streets and districts caused by urban demolition and large-scale reconstruction. In addition, the proposed renewal policy of historical and cultural blocks, but also for the protection of historical and cultural blocks issued in the past to further improve and enhance the policy. In a special period of time, the destruction and disappearance of traditional physical objects such as historical buildings and cultural relics can be postponed to a certain extent by means of"Museum-type protection" or other single methods of protection, it also preserves non-renewable resources for the city. However, the policy of traditional protection also has many disadvantages. First, from the perspective of the development of the blocks themselves, the single-minded protection limits the possibility of their own progress, integration into the modern, and social development, second, from the external and environmental point of view, to protect the city's financial needs to continue to support and support the historical and cultural blocks, the investment in capital, technology and manpower is inestimable. In this situation, it is more important to explore the suitable renewal mode of historical and cultural blocks.

Organic Renewal Theory
Professor Wu Liangyong's team has been studying the problems related to the renovation of Beijing's Old City since 1978. In the process of renovating dilapidated houses and building new "Quasi-siheyuan", they summarized their experience, and put forward on the old city renovation"Organic renewal" theory. After the successful conservation transformation of Ju'er Hutong in Beijing, it has been proved again that the theory is applicable and practical in the renewal of historical and cultural blocks. In this theory, he saw the city as an organism whose tissues, like human cells, were constantly being metabolized and needed to be regularly reworked along the lines of the original texture, so he proposed that during the construction of the city, in order to adapt to its texture, follow the law, and then take the appropriate means and methods to carry out the transformation and renewal, rather than simply demolish and build, we must explore the method of urban renewal on the basis of the principle of sustainability, in order to properly handle the present and future development relations. In the theory of organic renewal, organic has many meanings, including"The organic of the whole city", "The organic of the cell and organization in the block", "The organic of renewal process" and so on. This shows that the city is an organism in addition to itself, each component of its internal are a separate organism, the historical and cultural blocks are such an organism, so suitable for the use of organic renewal, a theoretical point of view to guide its renewal.

Cultural identity theory
The term identity, originally coined by Floyd, refers to the emotional and psychological consensus of individuals or groups of individuals in the face of something, with the meaning of acceptance and approval. Cui Xinjian (2004) believes that identity is a relationship in which two or more parties reach an agreement and form an interactive relationship. In addition, from the perspective of the relationship between identity and culture, culture and identity are closely related in connotation, identity is the function of culture, and culture is the result of identity. According to the classification of identity, it can be divided into group identity, cultural identity, national identity and so on, among which cultural identity is the core.

Theory of public participation
Because the renewal of historical and cultural blocks involves various stakeholders, the research on public cognition will also involve more relevant content of public participation. As a democratic model, public participation originated from Athens in Ancient Greece. In 2006, the International Association for Impact Assessment defined public participation as an act of participation, which occurs primarily because individuals and groups are interested in and affected by a project or programme that will be resolved. The American scholar Shelley Anstin (1969) argued that public participation is a redistribution of power that allows disenfranchised citizens who are excluded from political and economic decision-making and processes to participate in policy making, resource allocation, project implementation, and benefit distribution. Our scholar Cai Dingjian (2009) also believes that public participation is a democratic system and a public right that needs to be reflected in the formulation and implementation of public policies, he also pointed out that public participation is generally through the government and other public authorities to listen to the public's views and feedback on their problems, so that public policy and governance behavior with a democratic color.

The historical background of LianBaoLi
LianBaoLi (Figure 1) , located in Kong Hon District, Wuhan, is located in the street of water tower. It was built in 1918 and was originally used as a dormitory for employees of the Hankou branch of Shanghai United Insurance Company. It combines the characteristics of Chinese and Western architectural art, covers an area of 11,000 square meters, a total length of more than 230 meters, in the middle is a 4-meter-wide corridor, built on both sides of 30 two-to three-story small buildings, one hundred years ago it was one of Hankou&#039;s largest communities, built by the Chinese themselves.

A survey of the building environment in LianBaoLi
The building environment of LianBaoLi is basically maintained as before (Figure 2) , but many doors and windows have been replaced, and there are additional awning, anti-theft net, laundry pole and so on. The embossed flower decoration has the local breakage, the corrosion phenomenon. The external wall facing has the local weathering, the fall off, the dirt damage, the moss, the original wood door window breakage corrosion. The roof of the building is a sloped roof, there are some problems such as partial leakage of cornice, aging of storm water pipe and so on. The overall landscape is deteriorating, and conservation and repair are imminent.

Fig. 2 Lianbaoli environment
The complexity of the resident population and the long history of the built environment make the degree of destruction of the environmental form of Lianbaoli diversified. The following environmental problems can be clearly found in hanrun-li-fen: (1).The structure is aging and in disrepair According to the author's field investigation, it can be clearly found that the weathered and damaged facade of the whole building is serious, and the southern city is relatively humid in the four seasons compared with the north, in addition to the lack of commissioner-managed repairs, which have resulted in the cracking of the lime walls on the building's facade and the mottling of the building's facade, there are some problems such as local damage and corrosion in the artistic relief decoration on the building of Lianbaoli, serious corrosion in the structure of the original wooden door, broken and falling windows, cracks in the stair pedals, etc. , the originally prosperous Li Fen building now hides all sorts of security hidden danger.
Residents' spontaneous illegal building The interior space layout of the former single-family residential building in Lianbaoli is relatively reasonable, but now the main interior space in Lianbaoli is rental, and the Second Division of the interior environment causes the lack of basic living space in the living place and the disorder of the living environment, as a result, many residents have set their sights on the outside of their buildings, where they can increase their basic living space by farming outside legal buildings or by building illegal structures. However, the residents' spontaneous construction has caused the messy and crowded building environment in Lifen, and also destroyed the original aesthetic feeling of the outstanding historical buildings.
(2). Lack of public space landscape environment "Green rate" refers to the area within the scope of the planned construction land and the planned construction land area ratio, now the total area of residential green land should be more than 30% of the total area, not less than 25% of the central urban area. According to the author's on-the-spot investigation, because of the construction conditions and the background of the times at that time, the focus of architectural consideration is the compactness of the internal spatial structure, the lack of an ecological area in the city, due to the neglect of landscape greening design with the primary aim of meeting the needs of the growing number of inhabitants, and the landscape environment"Green rate" can not meet the design requirements of today's residential landscape.
To sum up, the degree of destruction of the building landscape in Luen Bao Li is relatively high, therefore, the building's protection, repair and restoration work is imminent.

The renewal strategy of LianBaoLi building
The thought of"Continuation and development" is a kind of"Progressive" reform mode of development on the basis of preserving historical culture.
"Continuation": In 1982, our country's"Cultural relics law" stated that"Do not change the original status of cultural relics" as the most basic principle of historic buildings and monuments protection, excessive creation is likely to destroy the existing heritage form and value. In his 1934 article "The plan to repair the longevity pavilion in the Forbidden City of Jingshan Hill," Mr. Liang Sicheng wrote, it says, "The principle of repairing antiquities... ... should remain the same, nothing updated "The new beams, columns, rafters, purlins, lathes, doors and windows, ceilings, etc. , all painted in color, should be antiquated, so as to make it consistent with the old." In the restoration of historic buildings in the"Do not change the cultural relics in their original state," on the basis of the adoption of the"Old as the old," the Restoration ideas, in view of the damaged parts of the historic buildings, on the basis of preserving the historical original appearance, we should choose suitable materials to repair them.
"Development": With the economic development of the times, there are many development directions for historical buildings in our country at this stage, for example, commercial bodies based on historical buildings, such as Wuhan Tiandi, Chengdu Taiguli, Shanghai Bund, etc. , it uses historical buildings as a carrier to preserve the vitality of the buildings themselves through the development of commerce, and develops architectural values in the form of museums, such as the Wuhan Hankow Customs Hose and the Memorial Hall of the 87th Wuhan Conference, etc. , museum Memorials are opened on the basis of the restoration of historic buildings, and civil buildings, for example, are restored on the basis of historic buildings to improve the living environment of the residents, so that the historic buildings continue to retain the original atmosphere of life.
In 1999, the Beijing Charter, written by Wu Liangyong, expressed the view that the conservation and restoration of historic buildings could explore different paths to achieve common goals in the current social process. The realization of"Continuance and development" is an idea of improving and pushing forward the development of historical buildings, which can be analyzed in detail according to the concrete conditions and based on the protection of the historical connotation of buildings, therefore, it is necessary to make a reasonable reform and protection method for the historic buildings, which can not only maintain the authenticity of the historic buildings, but also meet the needs of the development of the times and the progress of the times.

The influence of the cultural value identification of the block
Cultural identity is the attitude that people accept and accept a certain culture in concept and psychology, based on the same or similar beliefs and values, reflected in the way of thinking, behavior patterns, and so on, so as to have a strong cohesion and centripetal force. Whether the cultural value of the neighborhood is recognized by the public can be seen from the public's perception of the cultural value of the neighborhood. Specifically, this can reflect whether the public accepts the cultural characteristics of the neighborhood or not, thus affecting their preference for different block renewal model. The public's understanding of Lianbaoli's history, the cultural attributes of historical and cultural blocks and the value of protection tends to be consistent. From the data analysis in the previous section, we get a total of four cognitive models for the renewal of different groups in the historical and cultural district of Luanbaoli, and each cognitive model has its own emphasis. From the consensus understanding, we can see that the public's understanding of the cultural attribute and value of luanbaoli historical and cultural district tends to be the same, especially with regard to the concept of building protection, the concept of unique experience and the concept of developmentbased maintenance, the group of view highly approved the unique historical and cultural value and literary features of Tanhualin Historical and cultural district.

Conclusion
In the development and construction of the city, we should call on the society to protect the historical buildings, to continue and develop the restoration and reconstruction of the historical buildings, and to actively praise our country's historical buildings, avoid good historic buildings becoming consumables of rapid social development. Lifen architecture is not only the product of Wuhan's special historical environment, but also the unique residential form of Wuhan residents and the witness of Wuhan's social development, it contains the indelible spiritual wealth of the old Hankou people. By adopting the restoration and transformation thinking of the continuation and development of the Lifen building, the brilliant appearance of the Lifen building once appeared again, it is of irreplaceable significance to carry forward and inherit the excellent modern architectural culture of our country.