Analysis of the Requirements of Modernization of China's Social Governance System

. With the development of the Internet, the social governance model is changing from one-way management to two-way interaction, from offline to online-offline integration, and from simple government supervision to paying more attention to social collaborative governance, which requires the construction of a new pattern of grassroots social governance. Improve the institutionalized channels of mass participation in grass-roots social governance. We will improve the urban and rural grass-roots governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue under the leadership of party organizations, improve the community management and service mechanism, implement grid management and service, give play to the role of mass organizations and social organizations, give play to the self-discipline function of trade associations and chambers of commerce, realize the benign interaction between government governance and social regulation, and residents' autonomy, and consolidate the foundation of grass-roots social governance. Accelerate the modernization of urban social governance. Promote social governance and service focus to the grassroots level, sink more resources to the grassroots level, and better provide accurate and refined services. Specifically, the requirements for the construction of governance system can be analyzed into four requirements: intelligent governance, participatory


Smart Governance: Information Technology to Promote Social Governance
An important tool for the modernization of governance capacity is the technological change of social governance promoted by information technology. In 2020, when president visited Zhejiang, he pointed out: "Using cutting-edge technologies such as big data, cloud computing, blockchain and artificial intelligence to promote the innovation of urban management means, management modes and management concepts, from digitalization to intelligence to intelligence, making cities smarter and wiser is the only way to promote the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity, with broad prospects. Overall, the concept of intelligent governance has two requirements.
First, the intelligence of governance. Heilongjiang Daily in 2020 pointed out that only governance requires "improving the government's supervision ability". Integrate smart data platform, cloud computing and service-oriented architecture to realize resource discovery, all-media resource management and full-process business management in the whole domain.Give full play to the technological advantages in connection support, transmission support and computing support for government governance activities ". At the same time, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Guangming Daily and other media have made major reports on the control and prevention of risks by technology. Intelligent governance also includes real-time monitoring of dynamic structured data and unstructured data, Machine learning and visualization technology are used to draw hot images of public opinion, see through the leading factors of major emergencies, integrate related nodes, and then perceive the dynamics of social public opinion, analyze potential risk factors, and predict the trend of dangerous indicators, so as to improve the government's ability of perception, prediction and prevention of emergencies, and promote the transformation from coping to source prevention after the governance model is engaged.
Second, the refinement of governance. To improve the accuracy and participation of social governance, it is necessary to strengthen the real-time collection, analysis and processing of public interactive data, acquire and perceive diversified and personalized public demands in time, and strengthen the ability to aggregate and refine public demands, so as to deepen the structural reform of the government's public service supply side.Improve the government's precise service ability and active service efficiency; It also relies on the cloud platform to realize the integration of open access to government information and data and "one window" service, broaden the channels for handling public affairs, consultation paths and the scope of social participation, enhance the immediacy, transparency and participation of public services, and strengthen the intelligent guidance and intelligent control of social participation.Promote the formation of multi-subject collaborative governance pattern.
In view of these two requirements, the main reform direction of local government is divided into two parts: decision-making level and service level. At the level of decision-making, it is required to use the public resource management algorithm model to realize the optimal allocation of resources of smart government in terms of resource flow, cash flow and information flow.Form a government decision-making mode of "speaking with data, making decisions with data, managing with data and innovating with data"; At the service level, it focuses on establishing the social public service supply system of online and offline integration and interaction in the field of public concern, strengthening the combination of big data and small data analysis, and realizing the aggregation and refinement of public personalized needs.Accurately grasp the demand orientation of society and the public, and achieve the goal of serving social affairs accurately.

Participatory Governance: Downward Shift of Center of Gravity and Joint Participation of Social Organizations
The Decision points out that it is necessary to strengthen the construction of community governance system, push the focus of social governance down to the grassroots level, give full play to the role of social organizations, and realize the benign interaction between government governance, social regulation and residents' autonomy. In fact, the requirement of pushing down the focus of social governance and the important change of this governance concept,Is to break the original single, topdown vertical management structure and form a diversified, cooperative and interactive governance network. In November 2019, Xinhuanet pointed out that social organizations, with their unique nongovernmental, non-profit, voluntary and autonomous nature, made up for the shortcomings of the market and the government in providing public goods and handling social affairs. The exertion of its actual effectiveness is an indispensable and important support for the social governance system. Understanding the change of this concept can be analyzed from the following aspects: First, the subjects involved in governance have changed from monism to pluralism. In the past, social management emphasized the authority and absolute position of the government, showing typical unified characteristics. In the process of social transformation, the unitary management mode dominated by the government has great drawbacks, the government power can't touch the whole social life, and it is difficult to realize the complete control of information. The government can't surmount its own obstacles to become an "all-round government". Comparatively speaking, the new social governance pattern emphasizes "Party Committee leadership, government responsibility, social coordination, public participation and legal guarantee". Under this pattern, the government and the market, government and social organizations, public institutions and private institutions work together.It belongs to a multi-participation structural system. In November 2019, study times also pointed out that "in the change of Chinese society, the reconstruction of order urgently needs the participation of third-party forces, so as to realize the multi-governance pattern in which the government, market and social forces participate and cooperate together, thus forming a corresponding extensive social public responsibility mechanism". Second, the way of participation has changed from order/obedience to encouraging participation. Unified management pays more attention to the uniqueness and absoluteness of power. The main leaders and sources of authority are the government, and society plays the role of obedience. The new concept expects to establish a benign social governance mechanism,Under this mechanism, different subjects can be encouraged to cooperate with each other, learn from each other, support each other, and assume their own interests and responsibilities, which can not only stimulate each other's potential and motivation, but also add vitality and vigor to society.
Third, the means of governance have changed from single to diversified. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee proposed that in the face of the more complicated structure of contemporary society, social pluralism has become a new feature of current Chinese society; The means of social governance also began to change from complanation to three-dimensional compounding. Public goods and services needed by society at present,It needs to be provided by the government through administration or market means, market-oriented organizations through market means, and social organizations through market means or social mobilization.
Most importantly, the new requirements affirm the important role of social organizations in participating in governance; It is also recognized that social organizations' collaborative participation in social governance has irreplaceable positive effectiveness. On the one hand, social organizations can effectively undertake some government functions, especially social organizations like trade associations show obvious professional advantages in undertaking government functions.Such as decision-making consultation, industry standard formulation, qualification assessment, industry investigation and statistics, credit construction, exhibition, price coordination and industry collective bargaining, etc. On the other hand, social organizations can effectively assist the government in dealing with some thorny issues, such as communication with the people, adjustment of social contradictions, and emergency response. In addition,Social organizations can also effectively promote the scientificization of government decision-making. Social organizations can play the role of a bridge and link in transmitting opinions in the field of industry and reflecting people's demands. Society is characterized by voluntariness, autonomy, public welfare, small scale and flexible structure, and often has obvious professional and technical advantages in affairs management.Especially, it has natural advantages in connecting with grass roots and being close to reality.
At the same time, the party media's statement that social organizations' participation in governance can promote the democratic process is also a signal worthy of attention. In November 2019, Xinhuanet pointed out in its theoretical explanation of the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session that "the collaborative participation of social organizations in governance is conducive to promoting the development of democratic politics and enhancing social construction. A good society,It must be a society in which all social subjects can participate effectively. The development of society can promote the progress of democratic politics to some extent. As a change of governance concept under the new situation, the occurrence of party media shows that the current ruling party has realized the public significance of actively participating in governance activities with social organizations: as a bridge between the people and the government,Through the organization and operation of various activities, the society has effectively enhanced people's awareness of their own rights and responsibilities. Through more effective social supervision, when people's legitimate rights are violated, they can defend their rights through social organizations, which can enhance people's awareness and ability to defend their rights according to law.

City Governance: Focus on Resolving Major Contradictions and Risks in the City
The Decision puts forward the concept of municipal governance, and puts forward new requirements for the disposal of major risks and public crises in cities and contradictory governance, which are mainly reflected in a series of pilot work requirements for the modernization of municipal governance. Since December 2020, the political and legal committees of Party committees in Hangzhou, Fuzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Lanzhou and other provincial capitals and sub-provincial cities have carried out pilot projects.The city area is the gathering place of major contradictions and risks, and the pilot work requires to be the place to resolve major contradictions and risks. Some prominent contradictions and major risks in reality often converge in the city area. How to resolve them in the city area and stop spilling over has become a major practical problem that needs to be paid great attention to and focused on. Pilot work requirements,Each city has the optimal governance radius and the maximum marginal effect of policies, which is the most direct and effective governance level for the investigation and resolution of social contradictions and risks. It is highly efficient to resolve risks in the local area. It is also required to have the resource strength and overall planning ability to solve major contradictions and risks, so as to make early warning, judgment and disposal at the first time; Prevent risks from spilling over and spreading upward,Resolve major contradictory risks in the city area, and prevent individual risks from turning into systematic risks and local risks from turning into global risks.
At the same time, it should also be noted that the Political and Legal Committee has once again put forward new requirements for social organizations to participate in governance. Chen Yixin, secretary general of the Political and Legal Committee, put forward in the meeting on October 21st, 2020 that "we should adhere to the unity of the party's leadership and social organizations' autonomy according to law, strengthen the management and service of social organizations according to law, and improve the institutional mechanisms such as encouragement, punishment and withdrawal." Under the municipal governance,It is necessary to reform the institutional mechanism that restricts the development of social organizations, and establish a social organization system with separation of government and society, clear powers and responsibilities, and autonomy according to law. Under the pilot work, each ten-point area mainly supported the development of social organizations such as urban and rural grass-roots living services, public welfare, professional mediation, governance, insurance and stability.In order to play their important role in the social governance of the city. At the same time, it began to implement the incentive and restraint mechanism to promote market players to fulfill their social responsibilities, and encouraged enterprises to take advantage of technology, data and talents to participate in social governance.

Media Governance: The Community of Social Governance
On December 25th, 2019, People's Daily published a special article "Promoting Social Governance through Media Integration and Development", which was an important explanatory article of the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, and reflected that the ruling party began to attach importance to the important role of media in the new governance system. The article points out that "the development of media convergence is an important application field of information technology. At present,Media integration and development promote the formation of an all-media communication system, which is profoundly affecting social governance. We should focus on coconstruction, co-governance and sharing, give full play to the important role of media integration and development in strengthening and innovating social governance, and promote the construction of a social governance community where everyone is responsible, everyone is responsible and everyone enjoys it. We should make good use of media integration and development to promote the specialization, informationization and intelligence of social governance and improve the modernization level of social governance. Under this concept, the media are required to better grasp the social development situation, smooth communication channels, and constantly improve the pertinence and effectiveness of social governance; At the same time, it is required to use the all-media communication system to further unblock the communication channels between supply and demand of public services, accurately grasp the public service needs of the people, and meet the multi-level and diversified needs of the people.
In addition, another important concept of media governance proposed by People's Daily Online is "to build a community of social governance that everyone is responsible for, everyone is responsible for and everyone enjoys through co-construction, co-governance and sharing." In many documents, the party pointed out that it is necessary to build an all-media communication system characterized by multi-interaction, expand public opinion expression channels, and promote social consensus. Contribute to strengthening and innovating social governance; Accelerate the development of media integration in depth, and further enhance the ability to mobilize people to participate in coconstruction. The new concept holds that the development of media convergence makes information ubiquitous, omnipresent and useless, and can effectively meet the increasing information needs of the people. Effectively eliminating the social injustice caused by the "information gap" is conducive to the sharing of social governance achievements. At the same time, the development of all-media communication system must promote people's extensive participation in social governance and guarantee people's right to know, participate, express and supervise in social governance.Ensure people's participation in the process of social governance and people's evaluation of social governance results, with a view to achieving the goal of "people sharing social governance results".