Research Progress on the Structure and Permeability of Fault Zones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6911/WSRJ.202411_10(11).0006Keywords:
Fault core, damage zone, permeability, fluid dynamics of fault zones.Abstract
The fluid dynamics of fault zones have long been a cutting-edge scientific issue in geological research, focusing on characterizing the fracture structure and permeability of fault zones. Fault zones consist of rocks that are spatially close, genetically related, and exhibit varying degrees of deformation, which can be divided into two distinct structural units: the fault core and the damage zone. The structure of fault zones is not static; it continuously evolves under the influence of tectonic stress, fluids, protolith lithology, and evolutionary stage. The permeability of each structural unit in a fault zone is primarily determined mainland by the internal structural features that develop, significantly influenced by the evolution of fault activity. During active faulting periods, permeability in both the fault core and damage zone rapidly increases, while during quiescent periods, the permeability of the fault core declines sharply, and that of the damage zone decreases more gradually. Additionally, fault type, thermal history, protolith lithology, and fluid-rock interactions are also important factors affecting fault permeability. Despite the numerous findings regarding fault zone structures and permeability, it is still necessary to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of fault structure and permeability from the perspective of their coupling with the dynamics of fluid flow. This understanding will aid in addressing related issues such as energy exploration, disaster forecasting, and management.
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