Study on the Negative Impact of AI Social Compensation on Depression Tendencies: The More You Use It, The Lonelier You Get
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54691/ff7khk88Keywords:
AI social compensation; depressive tendencies; loneliness; social presence.Abstract
This study examined the negative impact of AI social compensation on depressive tendencies among college students and its underlying mechanisms. Based on a survey of 328 students, the results indicate that AI social compensation is a significant predictor of depressive tendencies, with loneliness playing a partial mediating role. Furthermore, social presence positively moderates the effect of AI-mediated social compensation on loneliness. This study reveals that, in natural, non-interventional settings, overreliance on AI for social compensation may trap individuals in a “the more you use it, the lonelier you get” dilemma, providing empirical evidence for mental health interventions and risk prevention in the context of AI use.
Downloads
References
[1] Sharma, A., Lin, I. W., Miner, A. S., Atkins, D. C., & Althoff, T. (2023). Human–AI collaboration enables more empathic conversations in text-based peer-to-peer mental health support. Nature Machine Intelligence, 5, 46–57.
[2] Sorin, V., Brin, D., Barash, Y., Konen, E., Charney, A., Nadkarni, G., et al. (2023). Large language models (LLMs) and empathy: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e52597.
[3] Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014). A conceptual and methodological critique… Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351–354.
[4] Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007). Online communication and adolescent well-being: Testing the stimulation versus the displacement hypotheses. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1169–1182.
[5] Nowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2017). Loneliness and social internet use: Pathways to reconnection in a digital world? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1–18.
[6] Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218–227.
[7] Franco-O’Byrne, D., Ceglarek, A., et al. (2023). The impact of loneliness and social adaptation on depressive symptoms: Behavioral and brain measures evidence from a brain health perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1096178.
[8] Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2010). Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago health, aging, and social relations study. Psychology and Aging, 25, 453–463.
[9] Lai, L., Pan, Y., Xu, R., & Jiang, Y. (2025). Depression and the use of conversational AI for companionship among college students: The mediating role of loneliness and the moderating effects of gender and mind perception. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1580826.
[10] Weng, Z. G., Chen, X. X., Zhang, X. M., & Zhang, J. (2025). Social presence oriented toward new human-machine relationships. Advances in Psychological Science, 33(1), 146–162.
[11] Deng, Z., & Yan, J. (2025). The effect of perceived warmth, competence, and social presence of AI-driven chatbots on consumers’ engagement and satisfaction. SAGE Open, 10(3), 1–19.
[12] Kasturiratna, K. T. A. S., & Hartanto, A. (2026). Attachment to artificial intelligence: Development of the AI Attachment Scale, construct validation, and the psychological mechanisms of Human–AI attachment. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 21, 100912.
[13] Xiao, R., & Du, J. W. (2023). Reliability and validity of the 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-6) for application in adults. Journal of Southern Medical University, 43(6), 900–905.
[14] Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613.
[15] Chen, N., Liu, X., Zhai, Y., & Hu, X. (2023). Development and validation of a robot social presence measurement dimension scale. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 2911.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Scientific Journal Of Humanities and Social Sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.





