Superelastic and Superplastic of Structure-Function Alloys
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6919/ICJE.202504_11(4).0056Keywords:
Superelastic/Superplastic Alloy; Fatigue Resistance; NiTi; Novel NiMn-based Alloy; Fe-based Alloy.Abstract
Smart shape memory alloys (SMAs) have dual functions of actuation and sensing. Excellent superelasticity and fatigue resistance are crucial to the service reliability and stability of the alloy. This review summarizes the microstructure, functional properties, strengthening mechanism and failure mechanism of the most widely used NiTi SMA, novel- NiMn-based SMA and new developed Fe-base alloy. The high strength and toughness of NiTi memory alloy achieves excellent fatigue cyclic performance through microalloying, structure, and grain size engineering. The texture toughening strategy overcomes the intergranular brittleness of traditional NiMn-based memory alloys, which enhances the recoverable strain and fatigue resistance substantially. Strategies based on the alloy design to obtained iron-based superelastic alloys with near-constant critical stress temperature dependence, which breaks the traditional nature of superelastic alloys where the temperature decreases with higher strength.The induction and conclusion of the control strategies of superelasticity/superplasticity of shape memory alloy provide a benefit guidance for the design and application of structure-function integrated materials.
Downloads
References
[1] K. Lu: Making strong nanomaterials ductile with gradients (Science), Vol. 345 (2014) No.5203, p.1455-1456.
[2] E. Ma, T. Zhu: Towards strength–ductility synergy through the design of heterogeneous nanostructures in metals (Materials Today), Vol 20 (217) No.6, p.323-331.
[3] I. Ovid'ko, R. Valiev, Y. Zhu: Review on superior strength and enhanced ductility of metallic nanomaterials (Progress in Materials Science), Vol 94(2018), p. 462-540.
[4] R.Z. Valiev, V.I. Alexandrov, T.Y. Zhu, et al. Paradox of Strength and Ductility in Metals Processed Bysevere Plastic Deformation, Journal of Materials Research, vol. 17 (2002), 5-8.
[5] M. Meyers, A. Mishra, D. Benson, et al. Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials, Progress in Materials Science, vol.51 (2005), 427-556.
[6] C.B. Christoph, W.W. Ge, M.M. Li, et al. Ultralow-fatigue shape memory alloy films, Science, vol. 348 (2015), 1004-1007.
[7] S. Hao, L. Cui, D. Jiang, et al. A Transforming Metal Nanocomposite with Large Elastic Strain, Low Modulus, and High Strength, Science, vol. 339 (2013), 1191-1194.
[8] P. Hua, M.L. Xia, Y. Onuki, et al. Nanocomposite NiTi shape memory alloy with high strength and fatigue resistance, Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 16 (2021), 409-413.
[9] N. Mahsa, L. Ville, S. Alexei, et al. Effects of 1 at. % additions of Co, Fe, Cu, and Cr on the properties of Ni-Mn-Ga-based magnetic shape memory alloys, Scripta Materialia, vol. 224 (2023), 115116.
[10] W. Tong, L. Liang, J. Xu, et al. Achieving enhanced mechanical, pseudoelastic and elastocaloric properties in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys via Dy micro-alloying and isothermal mechanical cyclic training, Scripta Materialia, vol. 209 (2022), 114393.
[11] Z.L. Wang, P. Zheng, Z.H. Nie, et al. Superelasticity by reversible variants reorientation in a Ni–Mn–Ga microwire with bamboo grains, Acta Materialia, vol. 99 (2015), 373-381.
[12] Y. Tanaka, Y. Himuro, R. Kainuma, et al. Ferrous Polycrystalline Shape-Memory Alloy Showing Huge Superelasticity, Science, vol. 327 (2010), 1488-1490.
[13] J. Xia, Y. Noguchi, R. Kainuma, et al. Iron-based superelastic alloys with near-constant critical stress temperature dependence, Science, vol. 369 (2020), 855-858.
[14] H. Beihai, X. Bo, T. Sen, et al. Effect of aspect ratio on the elastocaloric effect and its cyclic stability of nanocrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 25 (2023), 6288-6302.
[15] F. Xu, C. Zhu, J. Wang, et al. Enhanced elastocaloric effect and mechanical properties of Gd-doped Ni-Co-Mn-Ti-Gd metamagnetic shape memory alloys, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 960 (2023), 170768.
[16] N.H. Lu, C.H. Chen: Improving the functional stability of TiNi-based shape memory alloy by multi-principal element design (Materials Science and Engineering: A), Vol. 872 (2023), 144999.
[17] F. Cheng, C.X. Qiu, Y. Zheng, et al. Shape Memory Alloys for Civil Engineering, Materials, vol. 16 (2023), 787-787.
[18] V.D. Dornelas, A.S. Oliveira, M. Savi, et al. Fatigue on shape memory alloys: experimental observations and constitutive modeling, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 213 (2020), 1-24.
[19] D.M. Norfleet, P.M. Sarosi, S. Manchiraju, et al. Transformation-induced plasticity during pseudoelastic deformation in Ni–Ti microcrystals, Acta Materialia, vol. 57 (2009), 3549-3561.
[20] A. Ahadi, A.S. Ghorabaei, H. Shirazi, et al. Bulk NiTiCuCo shape memory alloys with ultra-high thermal and superelastic cyclic stability, Scripta Materialia, vol. 200 (2021), 113899.
[21] H. Shahmir, M. Nili-Ahmadabadi, Y. Huang, et al. Shape memory characteristics of a nanocrystalline TiNi alloy processed by HPT followed by post-deformation annealing, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 734 (2018), 445-452.
[22] Z.H. Li, G.Q. Xiang, X.H. Cheng, et al. Effects of ECAE process on microstructure and transformation behavior of TiNi shape memory alloy, Material Design, vol. 27 (2006), 324-328.
[23] W. Tirry, D. Schryvers: Quantitative determination of strain fields around Ni4Ti3 precipitates in NiTi (Acta Materialia), Vol.53 (2005) No.4, p.1041–1049.
[24] E.E. Timofeeva, E.Y. Panchenko, M.V. Zherdev, et al. Effect of one family of Ti3Ni4 precipitates on shape memory effect, superelasticity and strength properties of the B2 phase in high-nickel [001]-oriented Ti-51.5 at.%Ni single crystals, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 832 (2022), 142420.
[25] J.M Xuan, J.J. Gao, Z.Y. Ding, et al. Improved superelasticity and fatigue resistance in nano-precipitate strengthened Ni50Mn23Ga22Fe4Cu1 microwire, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 877 (2021), 160296.
[26] C. Sobrero, C. Lauhoff, D. Langenkämper, et al. Impact of test temperature on functional degradation in Fe-Ni-Co-Al-Ta shape memory alloy single crystals, Material Letters, vol. 291 (2021), 129430.
[27] E. Villa, M. Melzi D'Eril, A. Nespoli, et al. The role of γ-phase on the thermo-mechanical properties of NiMnGaFe alloys polycrystalline samples, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 763 (2018), 883-890.
[28] T. Omori, K. Ando, M. Okano, et al. Superelastic Effect in Polycrystalline Ferrous Alloys, Science, vol. 333 (2011), 68-71.
[29] Y.X. Tong, H.L. Gu, R.D. James, et al. Novel TiNiCuNb shape memory alloys with excellent thermal cycling stability. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 782 (2019), 343-347.
[30] W. Abuzaid, H.Y. Sehitoglu: Superelasticity and functional fatigue of single crystalline FeNiCoAlTi iron-based shape memory alloy (Material Design), Vol. 160 (2018), p.642-651.
[31] W.S. Choi, E.I. Pang, W.S. Ko, et al. Orientation-dependent plastic deformation mechanisms and competition with stress-induced phase transformation in microscale NiTi, Acta Materialia, vol. 208 (2021), 116731.
[32] R.F. Hamilton, H. Sehitoglu, Y. Chumlyakov, et al. Stress dependence of the hysteresis in single crystal NiTi alloys, Acta Materialia, vol. 52 (2004), 3383-3402.
[33] J.K. Allafi, A. Dlouhy, G. Eggeler, et al. Ni4Ti3-precipitation during aging of NiTi shape memory alloys and its influence on martensitic phase transformations, Acta Materialia, vol. 50 (2002), 4255-4274.
[34] X.B. Wang, S. Kustov, K. Li, et al. Effect of nanoprecipitates on the transformation behavior and functional properties of a Ti50.8at.% Ni alloy with micron-sized grains, Acta Materialia, vol. 82 (2015), 224-233.
[35] H.Z. Lu, L.H. Liu, C. Yang, et al. Simultaneous enhancement of mechanical and shape memory properties by heat-treatment homogenization of Ti2Ni precipitates in TiNi shape memory alloy fabricated by selective laser melting, Journal of Materials Science &Technology, vol. 101 (2022), 205-216.
[36] B. Xu, C. Wang, Q.Y. Wang, et al. Toward tunable shape memory effect of NiTi alloy by grain size engineering: A phase field study, Journal of Materials Science &Technology, vol. 168 (2024), 276-289.
[37] K.N. Chaithany, A. Pagare, H.G. Brokmeier, et al. Transformation textures in Ni rich NiTi shape memory alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 835 (2022), 142594.
[38] Y.I. Chumlyakov, I.V. Kireev, A.V. Vyrodova, et al. Effect of marforming on superelasticity and shape memory effect of [001]-oriented Ni50.3Ti49.7 alloy single crystals under compression, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 896 (2022), 162841.
[39] K. Otsuka, X. Ren: Physical metallurgy of Ti–Ni-based shape memory alloys (Progress In Materials Science), Vol. 50 (2004) No.5, p.511-678.
[40] H. Sehitoglu, Y. Wu, E. Ertekin, et al. Elastocaloric effects in the extreme, Scripta Mater, vol. 148 (2018), 122-126.
[41] P. Sedmák, P. Šittner, J. Pilch, et al. Instability of cyclic superelastic deformation of NiTi investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Acta Materialia, vol. 94 (2015), 257-270.
[42] C. Bechtold, C. Chluba, R.L. Miranda, et al. High cyclic stability of the elastocaloric effect in sputtered TiNiCu shape memory films, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 101 (2012), 091903.
[43] H. Chen, F. Xiao, X. Liang, et al. Stable and large superelasticity and elastocaloric effect in nanocrystalline Ti-44Ni-5Cu-1Al (at%) alloy, Acta Materialia, vol. 158 (2018), 330-339.
[44] C. Morin, Z. Moumni, W. Zaki, et al. Thermomechanical coupling in shape memory alloys under cyclic loadings: Experimental analysis and constitutive modeling, International Journal of Plasticity, vol. 27 (2011), 959-1980.
[45] Y. Wu, E. Ertekin, H. Sehitoglu, et al. Elastocaloric cooling capacity of shape memory alloys – Role of deformation temperatures, mechanical cycling, stress hysteresis and inhomogeneity of transformation, Acta Materialia. vol. 135 (2017), 158-176.
[46] J. Cui, Y.M. Wu, J. Muehlbauer, et al. Demonstration of high efficiency elastocaloric cooling with large ΔT using NiTi wires, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 101 2012), 073904.
[47] Y.X. Tong, A. Shuitcev, Y.F. Zheng, et al. Development of TiNi‐based shape memory slloys with high cycle stability and high transformation temperature, Advanced Engineering Materials, vol. 22 (2020), 1900496.
[48] J. Cui, Y.S. Chu, O.O. Famodu, et al. Combinatorial search of thermoelastic shape-memory alloys with extremely small hysteresis width, Nature Materials, vol. 5 (2006), 286-290.
[49] D.Q. Xue, Z.H. Li, Y. Pan, et al. Low hysteresis and high cyclic stability in a Ti50Ni45.2Cu1Fe3.8 shape memory alloy, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 955 (2023), 170188.
[50] B. Kockar, I. Karaman, J.I. Kim, et al. A method to enhance cyclic reversibility of NiTiHf high temperature shape memory alloys, Scripta Materialia, vol. 54 (2006), 2203-2208.
[51] H.Z. Lua, H.W. Ma, W.S. Cai, et al. Stable tensile recovery strain induced by a Ni4Ti3 nanoprecipitate in a Ni50.4Ti49.6 shape memory alloy fabricated via selective laser melting, Acta Materialia, vol. 219 (2021), 117261.
[52] C. Peng, Y.F. Liu, N. Min, et al. Enhanced two way shape memory effect in nanocrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy wires, Scripta Materialia, vol. 236 (2023), 115669.
[53] C. Lexcellent, G. Bourbon: Thermodynamical model of cyclic behaviour of TiNi and CuZnAl shape memory alloys under isothermal undulated tensile tests (Mechanics of Materials), Vol. 24 (1996), p.59-73.
[54] H. Tobnshi, H. Iwanaga, K. Tanaka, et al. Deformation behaviour of TiNi shape memory alloy subjected to variable stress and temperature, Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, vol. 3 (1991), 79-93.
[55] M. Dao, L. Lu, R.J. Asaro, et al. Toward a quantitative understanding of mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals, Acta Materialia, vol. 55 (2007), 4041-4065.
[56] T. Waitz: The self-accommodated morphology of martensite in nanocrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys (Acta Materialia), Vol. 53 (2005) No.8, p.2273-2283.
[57] B. Kockar, I. Karaman, J.I. Kim, et al. Thermomechanical cyclic response of an ultrafine-grained NiTi shape memory alloy, Acta Materialia, vol. 56 (2008), 3630-3646.
[58] R. Delville, B. Malard, J. Pilch, et al. Transmission electron microscopy investigation of dislocation slip during superelastic cycling of Ni–Ti wires, International Journal of Plasticity, vol. 27 (2010), 282-297.
[59] A. Ahadia, Q.P. Sun:Stress-induced nanoscale phase transition in superelastic NiTi by in situ X-ray diffraction (Acta Materialia), Vol. 90 (2015), p.272-281.
[60] T. Waitz, V. Kazykhanov, H.P. Karnthaler, et al. Martensitic phase transformations in nanocrystalline NiTi studied by TEM, Acta Materialia, vol. 52 (2003), 137-147.
[61] K. Gall, H.J. Maier: Cyclic deformation mechanisms in precipitated NiTi shape memory alloys (Acta Materialia), Vol. 50 (2002) No.18, p.4643-4657.
[62] J.F. Gomez-Cort, P. Czaja, M.J. Szczerba, et al. Extremely stable stress-induced martensitic transformation at the nanoscale during superelastic cycling of Ni51Mn28Ga21 shape memory alloy, Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 881 (2023), 145339.
[63] M.J. Jaronie, L. Martin, S. Aleksandar, et al. A review of shape memory alloy research, applications and opportunities, Materials Design, vol. 56 (2013), 1078-1113.
[64] J.P. Guo, Z.Y. Wei, Y. Shen, et al. Low-temperature superelasticity and elastocaloric effect in textured Ni–Mn–Ga–Cu shape memory alloys, Scripta Materialia, vol. 185 (2020), 56-60.
[65] D.C. Dunand, P. Müllner: Size effects on magnetic actuation in Ni-Mn-Ga shape-memory alloys (Advanced Materials), Vol. 23 (2011) No.2, p.216-232.
[66] Y.Q. Ma, S.Y. Yang, Y. Liu, et al. The ductility and shape-memory properties of Ni–Mn–Co–Ga high-temperature shape-memory alloys, Acta Materialia, vol. 57 (2009), 3232-3241.
[67] P. Checa, J. Feuchtwanger, D. Musiienko, et al. High temperature Ni45Co5Mn25−xFexGa20Cu5 ferromagnetic shape memory alloys, Scripta Materialia, vol. 134 (2017), 119-122.
[68] N. Scheerbaum, O. Heczko, J. Liu, et al. Magnetic field-induced twin boundary motion in polycrystalline Ni–Mn–Ga fibres, New Journal of Physics, vol. 10 (2008), 073002.
[69] M. Chmielus, X.X. Zhang, C. Witherspoon, et al. Giant magnetic-field-induced strains in polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga foams, Nature Materials, vol. 8 (2009), 863-866.
[70] Z.Y. Ding, D.X. Liu, Q.L. Qi, et al. Multistep superelasticity of Ni-Mn-Ga and Ni-Mn-Ga-Co-Cu microwires under stress-temperature coupling, Acta Materialia, vol. 140 (2017), 326-336.
[71] X.X. Zhang, C. Witherspoon, P. Müllner, et al. Effect of pore architecture on magnetic-field-induced strain in polycrystalline Ni–Mn–Ga, Acta Materialia, vol. 59 (2010), 2229-2239.
[72] K.Y. Wang, R.H. Hou, J.M. Xuan, et al. Shape memory effect and superelasticity of Ni50Mn30Ga20 porous alloy prepared by imitation casting method, Intermetallics, vol. 149 (2022), 1007668.
[73] V.S. Larin, A.V. Torcunov, A. Zhukov, et al. Preparation and properties of glass-coated microwires, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 249 (2002), 39-45.
[74] J.X. Zhang, Z.Y. Ding, R.H. Hou, et al. Giant high temperature superelasticity in Ni53Mn24Ga21Co1Cu1 microwires, Intermetallics, vol. 122 (2020), 106799.
[75] S.M. Ueland, A.C. Schuh: Superelasticity and fatigue in oligocrystalline shape memory alloy microwires (Acta Materialia), Vol. 60 (2012) No.1, p.282-292.
[76] Z. Chen, D. Cong, Y. Ren, et al. Ferroelastic oligocrystalline microwire with unprecedented high-temperature superelastic and shape memory effects, NPG Asia Materials, vol. 14 (2022), 17.
[77] W.J. Lee, B. Weber, C. Leinenbach, et al. Recovery stress formation in a restrained Fe–Mn–Si-based shape memory alloy used for prestressing or mechanical joining, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 95 (2015), 600-610.
[78] J. Ma, B.C. Hornbuckle, I. Karaman, et al. The effect of nanoprecipitates on the superelastic properties of FeNiCoAlTa shape memory alloy single crystals, Acta Materialia, vol. 61 (2013), 3445-3455.
[79] R. Lehnert, M. Müller, M. Vollmer, et al. On the influence of crystallographic orientation on superelasticity - Fe-Mn-Al-Ni shape memory alloys studied by advanced in situ characterization techniques, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 871 (2023), 144830.
[80] M. Vollmer, T. Arold, M.J. Kriegel, et al. Promoting abnormal grain growth in Fe-based shape memory alloys through compositional adjustments, Nature Communications, vol. 10 (2019), 2337.
[81] I.O. Felice, J.J. Shen, A. Barragan, et al. Wire and arc additive manufacturing of Fe-based shape memory alloys: Microstructure, mechanical and functional behavior, Materials Design, vol. 231 (2023), 112004.
[82] G.D. Zhao, Y. Cui, Y. Zhang, et al. Abnormal grain growth of FeMnAlNiCo shape memory alloys during directional recrystallisation, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 23 (2023), 819-829.
[83] P. Krooß, C. Somsen, T. Niendorf, et al. Cyclic degradation mechanisms in aged FeNiCoAlTa shape memory single crystals, Acta Mateialia, vol. 79 (2014), 126-137.
[84] K. Hamidreza, N. Mahmoud, K.J. Faezeh, et al. The effect of high-pressure torsion on the microstructure and outstanding pseudoelasticity of a ternary Fe–Ni–Mn shape memory alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 802 (2021), 140647.
[85] R. DesRoches, J. McCormick, M. Delemont, et al. Cyclic Properties of Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Wires and Bars, Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 130 (2004), 38-46.
[86] A. Cladera, B. Weber, C. Leinenbach, et al. Iron-based shape memory alloys for civil engineering structures: An overview, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 63 (2014), 281-293.
[87] M. Golrang, M. Mohri, E. Ghafoori, et al. Tailoring functional properties of a FeMnSi shape memory alloy through thermo-mechanical processing, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 291 (2024), 1887-1900.
[88] W. Abuzaid, H.Y. Sehitoglu: Superelasticity and functional fatigue of single crystalline FeNiCoAlTi iron-based shape memory alloy (Materials Design), Vol. 160 (2018), p.642-651.
[89] M. Acet, A. Manosa: Planes, Magnetic-field-induced effects in martensitic heusler-based magnetic shape memory alloys (Handbook of Magnetic Materials), Vol. 19 (2011), p.231-289.
[90] A. Sozinov, N. Lanska, A. Soroka, et al. 12% magnetic field-induced strain in Ni-Mn-Ga-based non-modulated martensite, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 102 (2013), 021902.
[91] A. Sozinov, A.A. Likhachev, N. Lanska, et al. Giant magnetic-field-induced strain in NiMnGa seven-layered martensitic phase, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 80 (2002), 10-11.
[92] C. Petr, D. Daria, M. Kristian, et al. Exceptionally small Young modulus in 10M martensite of Ni-Mn-Ga exhibiting magnetic shape memory effect, Acta Materialia, vol. 257 (2023), 119-133.
[93] Q. Yu, J. Wang, C. Liang, et al. A Giant Magneto-Superelasticity of 5% Enabled by Introducing Ordered Dislocations in Ni34Co8Cu8Mn36Ga14 Single Crystal, Advanced Science, vol. 240 (2024), 1-9.
[94] L.Z. Zhen, L.B. Zong, L.Z. Yun, et al. Enhanced elastocaloric effect and refrigeration properties in a Si-doped Ni-Mn-In shape memory alloy, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, vol. 117 (2022), 167-173.
[95] S. Alexei, A.A. Likhachev, K. Ullakko, et al. Magnetic and magnetomechanical properties of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys with easy axis and easy plane of magnetization, Smart Materials and Structures, vol 4333 (2001), 189-196.
[96] Y. Qu, D. Cong, S. Li, et al. Simultaneously achieved large reversible elastocaloric and magnetocaloric effects and their coupling in a magnetic shape memory alloy, Acta Materialia, vol. 151 (2018), 41-55.
[97] C.T. Peng, Z.J. Zhen, X. Jia, et al. Combining magnetocaloric and elastocaloric effects in a Ni45Co5Mn37In13 alloy, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, vol. 94 (2021), 47-52.
[98] Z.J. Shi, Q.F. Ming, Z.R. Jie, et al. Microstructure and magnetocaloric effect in nonequilibrium solidified Ni-Mn-Sn-Co alloy prepared by laser powder bed fusion, Additive Manufacturing, vol. 79 (2024), 103941.
[99] S. Wen, W.L. Xiang, Y. Zhi, et al. Multicaloric effect in Ni-Mn-Sn metamagnetic shape memory alloys by laser powder bed fusion, Additive Manufacturing, vol. 59 (2022), 103125.
[100] C. Leinenbach, H. Kramer, C. Bernhard, et al. Thermo‐Mechanical Properties of an Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni-VC Shape Memory Alloy with Low Transformation Temperature, Advanced Engineering Materials, vol. 14 (2012), 62-67.
[101] J.W. Lee, B. Weber, G. Feltrin, et al. Stress recovery behaviour of an Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni-VC shape memory alloy used for prestressing, Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 22 (2013), 125037.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
