Study on Campu Adaptation and Influencing Factors of Retired Vocational to Undergraduate Soldiers: A Case Study of Five Universities in Jiangsu Province

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a continuous upward trend in the enlistment of college students in the military. The state attaches great importance to the education of retired college students. In 2021, the Ministry of Education promulgated preferential policies for retired soldiers with higher vocational colleges (associate college) to participate in the enrollment of ordinary college students without examination. Therefore, retired college students who raise their educational level through college upgrading have gradually become an important part of students in ordinary colleges and universities. Compared with general undergraduate retired college students and general undergraduate students, higher vocational colleges students who have been retired from military service have greater difficulties in learning, interpersonal and other campus adaptability, which should be highly valued. In this study, 238 retired undergraduates were selected from five colleges in Jiangsu Province for a questionnaire survey using the Learning Adaptability Scale for Undergraduates compiled by Feng Tingyong et al. and 10 of them were interviewed in depth using the interview method. The results showed that the scores of the learning motivation dimension (18.87±9.05), the teaching mode dimension score (16.63±7.90), the learning ability dimension score (14.14±11.00), the learning attitude dimension score (9.47±4.52), and the environmental factor dimension score (9.46±4.62) were at a low level, and all of them were significantly lower than the scores of the general college students in the learning motivation dimension (26.73±6.35), teaching mode (25.73± 4.98), learning ability (21.79± 5.02), learning attitude (14.23±3.33), environmental factors (12.76±3.07). Retired college students have high learning commitment and clear goals, but their poor campus adaptability is caused by factors such as weak academic foundation, poor learning methods, limited interpersonal communication, and pressure to pursue employment and further education. In view of this phenomenon, colleges should grasp the psychological characteristics of retired soldiers, provide scientific and reasonable adaptive education and carry out specialized psychological counseling; retired soldiers should also strictly demand themselves, strengthen psychological construction and quickly integrate into the campus; all parties should make concerted efforts to help retired college students and soldiers grow up to be successful and make greater contributions to the construction of the society and the cause of national defense.