Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Male Looking Females and Female Looking Males: Evidence from China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v14i.337Keywords:
Implicit Stereotypes; Explicit Stereotypes; Male-looking Females; Female-looking Males; LGBT.Abstract
In many reports, it is not difficult to see that some beautiful and feminine boys have received a lot of criticism from society. We investigated whether people’s attitude is biased against males wearing female-type and females wearing male-type. Thirty-five adults were included and measured their implicit and explicit attitudes. In the implicit test, we find that people tend to use less time and make fewer mistakes to associate the female wearing male-type with positive words and the male wearing female-type with negative words. Meanwhile, in the explicit survey, the data displays that Chinese people prefer females wearing male-type rather than males wearing female-type. This study explores people's attitudes towards others' dress and provides a new connection between positive and negative views and between female cross-gender wearers and male cross-gender wearers.
Downloads
References
Sabin, J. A., Riskind, R. G., & Nosek, B. A. (2015). Health Care Providers’ Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Lesbian Women and Gay Men. American Journal of Public Health, 105(9), 1831–1841. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302631.
Herek, G. M. (2000). Sexual Prejudice and Gender: Do Heterosexuals’ Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Differ? Journal of Social Issues, 56(2), 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00164.
Mustanski, B. S., Garofalo, R., & Emerson, E. M. (2010). Mental Health Disorders, Psychological Distress, and Suicidality in a Diverse Sample of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youths. American Journal of Public Health, 100(12), 2426–2432. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2009.178319.
Cech, E. A., & Rothwell, W. R. (2019). LGBT Workplace Inequality in the Federal Workforce: Intersectional Processes, Organizational Contexts, and Turnover Considerations. ILR Review, 73(1), 25–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793919843508.
Anthony G., G., Debbie E., M., & Jordan L. K., S. (1998). Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test [Review of Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1464–1480.
Kwan, K. M. W., Shi, S. Y., *Nabbijohn, A. N., *MacMullin, L. N., VanderLaan, D. P., & Wong, W. I. (2020). Children's appraisals of gender nonconformity: Developmental pattern and intervention. Child Development, 91, e780-e798. https://doi.org/10.1111/cd.13316.
Lin, K., Button, D. M., Su, M., & Chen, S. (2016). Chinese College Students’ Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: Exploring the Effects of Traditional Culture and Modernizing Factors. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 13(2), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-016-0223-3.
Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003). “Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm”: Correction to Greenwald et al. (2003). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(3), 481–481. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087889.
Rachel, G., Zoe, J., Sidra, M., & Courtney, M. (2018). Definition of bias [Review of Definition of bias]. Conscious and Unconscious Gender Bias Response, 1–6.
Nosek, B. A., & Smyth, F. L. (2007). A Multitrait-Multimethod Validation of the Implicit Association Test: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Are Related but Distinct Constructs. Exp Psychol, 54(1), 14-29. https: //doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.54.1.14.
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Citation. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 15, 2021, from https:// www.merriam-webster.com/ dictionary/ citation.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
